New jeeset



(No Model.)

C. A. BAOKSTROM.

GBNTRIFUGAL LIQUID SBPARATOR.

Patented De.- Z8, 1886.

`il-Illllllllllllll i, u wi reference being had therein to the acconipa-UNITED STATES yPATENT Orricn.

O. AXEL BAOKSTROM, OE TRENTON, ASSIGNOR 'IO THE BAOKSTROM CEN- TRIFUGALSEPARATOR COMPANY, OF OAMDEN, NEW JERSEY.

CENTRIFUGAL LIQUID-S-EPARATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 355,050, dated December28, 1886.

Application filed Sepembcr 18, 1886. Serial No. 213,8(l6. (No model.)

To LZZ whom, it 77mg/ concern:

Beit known that I, G. AXEL Bliensrnon, a citizen of the United States,residing at Trenton, in the county of Mercer, State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in CentrifugalLiquid-Separators, of which the following is a specification,

'with a minimum speed of rotation of the separating-chamber 'of themachine. i

Although hereinafter described in connection` with the operation ofcreaming milk, it is' apparent that the invention is useful inseparating other liquids and similar substances.

I-Ieretofore it has beenlthe aim to construct centrifugal machines ofsuch weight and proportions and with such a disposition of the materialthereof as to withstand exceedingly high speeds of rotation-such as, forexample, eight thousand revolutions per minute, or even higher-themachines themselves weighing from a thousand pounds upward, andrin manyinstances being provided with a strong cylindrical jacket inclosing theseparating chamber as a guard against injury from the liying fragmentsof the chamber when broken by the action of an enormous centrifugalforce.

I have, by an invention disclosed ina pend ing application, No. 193,725,produced a machine wherein the speed of rotation required is reducedabout one-half, and yet, even with such a reduced speed, the product ofthe machine is doubled, whilethe separating-chainber thereof issubjected to a diametrical distention when in operation which is clearlyperceptible. In this invention I have attained a further reduction inthe speed of rotation required, which enables me to place upon themarket for the use of the public a machine which can be operated byhand, in contradistinction to machines requiring steam, water,

or other power for running the same. The

advantages accompanying this result include a reduction in first cost bythe reduced amount of material in themachine and its portability,

and in the fact that each dairyman may own and operate his own machine,and thus avoid the necessity of carting and transporting his milk to amore or less distant Creamery.

Other objects and advantages of the'invention will appear in thefollowing description, and the novel features thereof will beparticularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figurel is a substantially central verticalsection, with portions in elevation, of a machine constructedinaccordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the lineX of Fig. 1.

- Like letters refer to like parts in all the figures of the drawings.'

A is a suitable frame-work, having three principal bearings, A' A2 A3,for the drivingshaft, spindle, and spindlestep, respectively, of themachine. Upon the stud B, rigidly mounted in the bearing A', is adriving-wheel, O, which is maintained in position. by a washer, D, nutD', and set-nut D', whereby the wheel may be revolved on the stud bymeans of the handle O', secured in a spoke of the wheel; A belt or bandpasses from the driving-wheel around pulleys E, (one only is shown,)mounted upon a cross-shaft, E', arranged in the base, and around apulley, F, connected with the spindle of the machine, the arrangement ofthe belt being s hown by the dotted line G.

H represents the spindle of the machine, which, by means of a conicalsocket, H', is seated upon a spindlesection, I, adapted to fit thesocket and to drive the spindle by friction. rIhe section I rests upon astep, J, screw-threaded into a bushing, J', which rests in the bearingA3 and upon the upper surface thereof by means of a flange, J4. Ajam-nut, K, serves to maintain the step in an adjusted position withinthe bushing, the lower end of the step being provided with a rod, J5,which serves for the purpose of turning the same within the bushing toelevate ordepress it.

ICO

M, at the upper end of which is arranged a rubber ring or packing, D andwithin the ring is secured a box, N which is bored larger than thespindle ll.l The upper end of the bearing A is provided with a shoulder,A4, upon which is mounted the receiving and discharging bowl O of themachine. This bowl is provided with an upper compartment, O', and alower compartment, O2, the former having the discharge-pipe O3 and thelatter the dischargepipe 0*.

P represents the separating chamber or druln of the machine, andalthough it may be made in separate pieces, it is herein'shown as asingle casting, having an opening, P', in its upper end, a depressedneck or basin, P2, at itslower end, in the center of which is the hubP3, by which the chamber is mounted on the spindle H, and upon the upperend of the hubamilkreceiving bowl, P4, and a series of shelves, Q, whichare annular-that is, projecting from the inner wall toward the center ofthe chamber. Between the shelves, and between the upper shelf and theupper wall of the chamber, are arranged partitions R. The relative`arrangement of the partitions is such that, counting from the upper one,the first, third, fifth, Snc., of the partitions Rare arranged over eachother, while the second, fourth, sixth, &c., are arranged over eachother, but in a different vertical plane. The first, third, fifth, &c.,shelves have an opening, S, extending from the partition and located atthe innerv wall of the chamber, while the second, fourth, sixth, Svc.,shelves have similar openings, S. In Fig. 2 the first shelf, partition,and opening are shown in full lines, while the second partition and'opening are shown in dotted lines. A pipe, P5, extends from thesupply-bowl P* into and toward the periphery or inner wall of thechamber below the bottom shelf Q, toward which the delivery end of thepipe is bent. A pipe, T, extends from the bottom of the bowl P2 or neckof the chamber vertically to, over, and nearly across the top shelf Q.

This being the construction, the operation is as follows: A pipe fromany suitable source of supply is arranged to deliver milk continuouslyand in a suitable quantity into the bowl P, from which it is deliveredfrom the pipe P5 into the lower part of the chamber. Centrifugal actionnow throws the milk toward the wall of the chamber, while the creamforms in an annular body inside of the milk and falls by gravity alone,and is delivered through the opening P into the cream-discharge pipe O3,which delivers it into any suitablereceptacle. In this lower part of thechamber a partial separation of thecream is accomplished, `and the creamseparated is immediately discharged. As the milk increases in quantityit makes its way through the opening S of the lower shelf to and uponthe upper surface thereof. Vhen coming'in contact with the partition Rthereon, its course is changed, as shown by arrow l, and it takes thedirection upon that shelf indicated in Fig. l by the arrow 2, when it isagain subjected to the action of centrifu gal force,which brings thecream place, as described, and so on continuously until the upper shelfof the series is reached, when the milk, being near the periphery orinner wall of the chamber, traverses the upper shelf, as shown by thesolid arrows 2 of 8o Fig. 2, and enters the pipe T, down which it passesto and through au opening, PT, in the neck of the chamber and into thechamber Ol of the receiving-bowl, from which it is discharged throughthe pipe O4 into any suitable receptacle. By this operation there aresub stantially repeated subjections of specified quantities of milk tothe action of centrifugal force, whereby such cream therein which is notseparated in the lower compartment of the chamber is separated orpartially separated in the next upper compartment, and such cream asstill may remain in the milk is separated or partially separated iuthenext upper compartment, and so on throughout the entire series ofcompartments in the chamber. In other words, by the construction and'opera tion of my invention as disclosed herein, I subject a number ofsmall quantities of milk separately to the action of centrifugal force,and, by reason of a change of direction in the course of the milk whenseparated into said small quantities, each separate quantity is retainedfor a comparatively longer time under the action of centrifugal force.Therefore it will be seen that I accomplish a practically perfectseparation of the milk by the centrifugal force produced by a minimumspeed of rotation, and thus reduce the operation within and subject tothe capacity of a machine capable of being run by hand.

I do not herein broadly claim a separatingchamber having shelvesprovided with passages at their outer edges and partitions between the.shelves, as that is disclosed in a pending application filed by me No.209,035.

It is apparent that the number of shelves in the separatingvessel may bechanged at will. The essential features of construction and operation ofmy invention in this instance consist not only in the provisions ofshelves and partitions, but in providing means which operate to subjectseparate quantities of the milk to centrifugal force, and to immediatelydeliver the cream separated, so that it shall not again be liable toadmixture with the milk. Furthermore, the milk after each separation isagain subjected to the operation of the machine, and isiinallyseparately discharged therefrom principally by the action ofgravity.

Having described my invention and its operation, what I claim isl 1. Ina 'centrifugal machine, a separating chamber or drum provided withshelves, each IIO lowest shelf, and a discharge-pipe extendingl from andcommunicating with only the upper shelf and with the bottom of thechamber or ,A drum, substantially as specified.

3. A separating-vessel having a depending neek or cream-bowl providedwith a dischargeopening in a side wall of the neck, a supplybowl anddelivery-pipe therefor, a series of shelves arrangedabove thesupply-,pipe and slotted and partitioned, as described, and a.

discharge-pipe extending from near the inner wall of the chamber andabove the upper -shelf thereof to and communicating with an opening inthe neck of the chamber, substantially as specified.

4. In a separating chamber or drum, the combination, with the annularshelves Q, having a single slot, as at S, and joining the inner wall ofthe chamber or drum, of the partitions R, arranged between the slots ofadjacent shelves, as described, substantially as specified.

5. In a separating-vessel, the combination of a series of shelves, Q,each provided with a slot, S, a series of partitions, R, arrangedbetween the slots, and a discharge-pipe, T, arranged over the uppershelf of the series and extending downwardly along the inner edges ofthe shelves and communicating with a discharge-opening of the vessel,substantially as specified.

6. The separating-chamber P, having. the opening P. the contracteddepending neck P2, the hub P3, rand thev supply-bowl P4, formed thereon,substantially as specified.

7. The chamber P, having the depending neck P2, hub P3, supply-bowl P",shelves Q,

and partitions It, in combination with the re/ ceiving-bowl O, havingthe chambers O' O2, 5o and discharge-pipes O3` O, substantially asspecied.

' 8. The frame A, having the bearings A', A2, and A3, and the handdriving-wheel C, in combination with the spindle H and pulley F, the 55y removable milk and cream receiving bowl O, mounted on the bearing A2,'and the separating-chamber P, having the shelves Q, the supply-bowl P2andl the dischargepipe P5, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

Y C. AXEL BACKSTROM.

Witnesses: I

JOHN O. DIsBRow, E. D. SHEPARD.

